{"id":8662,"date":"2026-09-16T08:06:30","date_gmt":"2026-09-16T08:06:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/medicdentalsabadell.com\/cancer-de-cap-i-coll-factors-de-risc-i-simptomes\/"},"modified":"2026-09-17T03:07:09","modified_gmt":"2026-09-17T03:07:09","slug":"cancer-de-cap-i-coll-factors-de-risc-i-simptomes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/medicdentalsabadell.com\/ca\/cancer-de-cap-i-coll-factors-de-risc-i-simptomes\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e0ncer de cap i coll: factors de risc i s\u00edmptomes"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>El c\u00e0ncer de cap i coll \u00e9s el terme que s&#8217;utilitza per denominar el grup de tumors malignes que es desenvolupen al cap i a la zona del coll. Inclou tumors que poden apar\u00e8ixer a la boca, per la qual cosa \u00e9s un tema que tamb\u00e9 afecta la salut bucodental.<\/p>\n<p>En aquesta guia repassem on apareixen aquests tumors, quins factors n&#8217;augmenten el risc, quins s\u00edmptomes conv\u00e9 vigilar i com es diagnostiquen. Si vols m\u00e9s informaci\u00f3 sobre com ho abordem, consulta la nostra p\u00e0gina d&#8217;<a href=\"https:\/\/medicdentalsabadell.com\/ca\/cirurgia-maxillofacial\/oncologia-oral-a-sabadell\/\">oncologia oral a Sabadell<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2>On pot apar\u00e8ixer el c\u00e0ncer de cap i coll?<\/h2>\n<p>Entre les zones m\u00e9s comunes on poden apar\u00e8ixer aquests tumors hi ha:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>La nasofaringe.<\/li>\n<li>Els sins paranasals.<\/li>\n<li>La hipofaringe.<\/li>\n<li>L&#8217;orofaringe, que inclou la base de la llengua, les am\u00edgdales i el paladar tou.<\/li>\n<li>La laringe.<\/li>\n<li>Les gl\u00e0ndules salivals.<\/li>\n<li>La cavitat oral: genives, llengua, mucosa oral, s\u00f2l de la boca i paladar dur.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Quines s\u00f3n les causes i els factors de risc?<\/h2>\n<p>A difer\u00e8ncia d&#8217;altres tipus de c\u00e0ncer, el de cap i coll sol apar\u00e8ixer per factors externs. Dos d&#8217;ells s\u00f3n essencials:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Tabac:<\/strong> moltes persones saben que fumar augmenta el risc de c\u00e0ncer de pulm\u00f3, per\u00f2 desconeixen que tamb\u00e9 augmenta les possibilitats de presentar tumors a la cavitat oral, la laringe, l&#8217;orofaringe i la hipofaringe. Aix\u00f2 inclou tant fumar com el tabac sense fum, i el risc \u00e9s m\u00e9s gran com m\u00e9s gran \u00e9s la quantitat i la durada del consum.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Alcohol:<\/strong> el consum excessiu d&#8217;alcohol incrementa el risc, i aquest augmenta encara m\u00e9s si la persona tamb\u00e9 fuma.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>A m\u00e9s, hi ha altres factors de risc:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Higiene bucal:<\/strong> una higiene bucal inadequada i el fregament de pr\u00f2tesis dentals mal ajustades s&#8217;associen al desenvolupament de tumors a l&#8217;orofaringe.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Dieta:<\/strong> un consum baix de vitamines, principalment A i C, podria afavorir l&#8217;aparici\u00f3 d&#8217;aquests tumors.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Infeccions:<\/strong> la infecci\u00f3 pel virus del papil\u00b7loma hum\u00e0 (VPH) es vincula amb el carcinoma de c\u00e8l\u00b7lules escamoses, i la infecci\u00f3 pel virus d&#8217;Epstein-Barr, amb el carcinoma de cavum.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Quins s\u00edmptomes poden apar\u00e8ixer?<\/h2>\n<p>Els s\u00edmptomes varien segons el lloc on es trobi el tumor.<\/p>\n<h3>Tumors a la laringe o la faringe<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Disfonia (canvis en la veu) persistent.<\/li>\n<li>Bonys al coll.<\/li>\n<li>Problemes per empassar.<\/li>\n<li>Irritaci\u00f3 o dolor a la gola o en una o totes dues orelles.<\/li>\n<li>Saliva amb sang.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Quan el c\u00e0ncer est\u00e0 molt avan\u00e7at, tamb\u00e9 poden apar\u00e8ixer dificultats per respirar correctament.<\/p>\n<h3>Tumors a la llengua, la boca, les am\u00edgdales o el paladar<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Mol\u00e8sties i dolor en mastegar i en empassar.<\/li>\n<li>Nafres a la boca.<\/li>\n<li>Plaques o taques vermelloses o blanques a la boca.<\/li>\n<li>Bonys als llavis, al coll, a la boca o sota la mand\u00edbula.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Com es diagnostica?<\/h2>\n<p>Per diagnosticar el c\u00e0ncer de cap i coll, l&#8217;especialista fa una exploraci\u00f3 f\u00edsica i algunes proves diagn\u00f2stiques. A m\u00e9s, duu a terme una <strong>bi\u00f2psia<\/strong>: s&#8217;extreu una mostra de teixit que despr\u00e9s s&#8217;examina al microscopi. La bi\u00f2psia \u00e9s la prova que permet establir amb certesa si hi ha c\u00e0ncer.<\/p>\n<h2>Com es tracta?<\/h2>\n<p>El tractament pot incloure <strong>cirurgia<\/strong>, <strong>radioter\u00e0pia<\/strong> i <strong>quimioter\u00e0pia<\/strong>, o una combinaci\u00f3 d&#8217;aquests tractaments. Com que poden afectar la parla, l&#8217;alimentaci\u00f3 i la respiraci\u00f3, \u00e9s probable que el pacient necessiti rehabilitaci\u00f3.<\/p>\n<p>Cada cas \u00e9s diferent i requereix la valoraci\u00f3 d&#8217;un professional. Si notes algun d&#8217;aquests s\u00edmptomes, demana una valoraci\u00f3 a M\u00e8dic Dental Sabadell perqu\u00e8 puguem estudiar el teu cas.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Qu\u00e8 \u00e9s el c\u00e0ncer de cap i coll, on apareix, quins factors n&#8217;augmenten el risc, quins s\u00edmptomes s&#8217;han de vigilar i com es diagnostica.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":6429,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[30],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8662","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cirurgia-maxillofacial"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/medicdentalsabadell.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8662","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/medicdentalsabadell.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/medicdentalsabadell.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/medicdentalsabadell.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/11"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/medicdentalsabadell.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8662"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/medicdentalsabadell.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8662\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8694,"href":"https:\/\/medicdentalsabadell.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8662\/revisions\/8694"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/medicdentalsabadell.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8662"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/medicdentalsabadell.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8662"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/medicdentalsabadell.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8662"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}